Sunday, 6 May 2018

NOTE FOR POL 126



WHAT IS MILITARY
The military is an arm of government authorized to use lethal force, and weapons, to support the interests of the state and some or all of its citizens. The task of the military is usually defined as defenses of the state and its citizens, and the prosecution of war against another state. The military may also have additional sanctioned and non-sanctioned functions within a society, including, the promotion of a political agenda, protecting corporate economic interests, internal population control, construction, emergency services, social ceremonies, and guarding important areas. The military can also function as a discrete sub-culture within a larger civil society, through the development of separate infrastructures, which may include housing, schools, utilities, food production and banking.
The military are groups of people that are given power to defend mostly a country. They are armed, and called the armed forces. The military protects its country by defending it from the armed forces of enemies, in case of any war. The military takes instruction from the government of the country to attack another country that wants to fight them. "Military" as a word comes from Latin miles, meaning warrior.
Military has many jobs of which some jobs are for fighting and some are for other work to support the military activities. The things they do in the military are use weapons, drive vehicles, and repair weapons. Some other people in the military learn how to fly aircraft, pilot ships, or repair engines. The military usually wear clothes called a uniform. In some places, especially where there may be combat, a uniform often comes in a camouflage pattern which is designed to make the person hard to see in the forest or desert.
  In many countries, people join the military because they want to. In other countries, there are laws that some people have to be in the military, even if they do not want to be. The United States call it military training while in Nigeria it is given to those who serve their fatherland National Youth Service Corp (NYSC).. It usually depends on age and physical fitness. People who have been in the military but have left or retired are called “veterans”. People who have been in military and now work in civilian life, but are ready be called back to service, are called reservists. The military of a country is usually divided into different branches organizations that do different kinds of work. These branches usually are:
·         Army (land) – A military force of soldiers mainly on land or driving in land vehicles. They also use helicopters.
·         Navy (sea) – A military force that uses ships and boats. They also sometimes have planes. People in a navy are called sailors unless they are officers or pilots.
·         Air force (air) – A military force that uses mainly airplanes.
 Military is a special field that has more branches that do more specialized work. For example, in the United States and United Kingdom there military are engaged in this specialized duty:
·         Marines – Military groups that serve on ships, they are trained to fight on land when needed. Their main job is to attack by landing on enemy beaches. They work closely with a navy, but are not sailors. They may also have their own boats, planes, and helicopters that facilitate their movement.
Some big countries even have small units which perform special actions which are very difficult. They are called Special Forces.
There are also mercenaries, soldiers who fight just for pay and have little loyalty to whomever might hire them, and Private Military Contractors (PMC), which are under the command of a company (civilian company). The Medieval Italian condottieri were a historical example of PMCs. A warlord may have a private army, which are often no more trustworthy than common gangsters or criminals.
Joining up and Training
In most countries of the world, young men and (in a few countries) women between 17 and 18 and of good health may be forced by the government of their country to join the military and have military training. This is called "conscription". The countries that do not have conscription include AustraliaBangladeshCanadaFranceHungaryIndiaItalyJapanMaltaNew ZealandSaudi ArabiaSloveniaSouth AfricaSpain, and the United Kingdom. In some countries, such as Argentina and United States, conscription is legal, but is not used, at the present time.
When a person wants to join the military as a volunteer, they "enlist". (This means simply that they put their name on a list.) They have to be above a certain age, 17 or 18 in most countries. They have to pass physical fitness tests to show that they are well enough to do the jobs that they will have to do. They must also have good enough hearing, to hear orders, and good enough sight to use a rifle or gun.
New people in the military are often called “recruits”. They have training at a special camp, sometimes called “boot camp" or "basic training". The training keeps the recruits busy and usually have very little free time for themselves. They learn to understand the "orders" or "commands" that are given by the officers to the "troops". The military people in a group are known as the troops. They are thought the right ways to obey the orders. Lots of exercises are introduced to them to improve their physical fitness and strength. They learn how to use weaponsfirst aid, and their uniforms and "kit". Their equipment is known as their kit. Recruits also learn how to March, which is the way to walk together keeping “in step”. March learning is sometimes called “drill”. When the soldiers finish from "boot camp", they should know enough to be a helpful person in their group. The camp usually finishes with a parade in which the newly trained recruits show off their marching and other skills they have learnt in front of important visitors. Once the recruits are fully trained, they are ready to defend (protect) their country from attack, or to go to war, if necessary/need be.


The Traditional Role of the Military
From time immemorial the military has been known for protection of the citizenry, mostly in terms of war or any other external aggression or violence. They are not also left behind in terms of internal crisis. The Police Force are mainly the section created for peace and order in the country, but where it gets out of hand the military are invited to help in peace keeping order wise there will be a chaos in the country. It is the duty of the Police Force to maintain peace, order and harmony in the country and to see the life and property of the citizen is secured. In the case of Nigerian security especially now that the security system is porous both the Police and the Army work hand in hand to see that peace reigns.

The traditional role of the military is written in sections 217 of the 1999 and section 215 of the 1989 constitution of the federal government of Nigeria has three roles or duties as follows:
i.                    Defending Nigeria from external aggression
ii.                  Maintaining its territorial integrity and securing its boarders from violation on land , sea or air
iii.                Suppressing insurrection and acting in and of civil authorities to restore order when called upon to do so by the president but subject such conditions as may be prescribed by the national assembly.
Since these are stipulated duties of the military it is quite unfortunate that they have failed to abide by what they were trained for. They also abandoned their duties and joined politics as military in politics which is the course code of this discus.

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